MUDr. David Skoumal \u2013\u00a0 ASTD Training Director<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0159i na\u0161ich pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdletech,\u00a0 hlavn\u011b do oblasti subtropick\u00fdch a tropick\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed, se n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee poda\u0159it kontakt s\u00a0mo\u0159sk\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010dichem, kter\u00fd pro n\u00e1s nemus\u00ed skon\u010dit p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt a jak se ukazuje, tak ani nen\u00ed dostupn\u00e1 a \u010dasto jsme odk\u00e1z\u00e1ni jen sami na sebe a na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prost\u0159edky a l\u00e9\u010diva.<\/p>\n
Protijedy-antidota nejsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e1, (v Austr\u00e1lii je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b dostupn\u00e9 antidotum pro \u010dty\u0159hranku, kamennou rybu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hady), v\u011bt\u0161inou je l\u00e9\u010dba pouze symptomatick\u00e1 – dle p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f.<\/p>\n
Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm pomocn\u00edkem je okam\u017eit\u00e1 aplikace TEPLA \u2013 okolo 50st Celsia. Toxiny jsou \u010dasto termolabiln\u00ed proteiny, kter\u00e9 se teplem rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed a t\u00edm jsou ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Lok\u00e1ln\u00edm zdrojem tepla je hork\u00e1 voda po dobu alespo\u0148 30minut.<\/p>\n
Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed kontaktu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee jedovat\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto mal\u00ed, dob\u0159e maskov\u00e1ni a v\u011bt\u0161inou je kontakt necht\u011bn\u00fd- ne\u00famysln\u00fd dotek, \u0161l\u00e1pnut\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho \u00fatoku jedovat\u00e9ho \u017eivo\u010dicha na \u010dlov\u011bka je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n
V\u0159ele doporu\u010duji p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm v\u00a0nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 lokalit\u011b prostudovat v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly o \u017eivo\u010di\u0161\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed se zde vyskytuj\u00ed a sezn\u00e1mit se s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak vypadaj\u00ed, kde se zdr\u017euj\u00ed atd. Cenn\u00e9 informace jsou rovn\u011b\u017e od domorodc\u016f \u010di m\u00edstn\u00edch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Kmen \u017dahavci<\/strong>(Cnidaria) \u2013 zahrnuje medusovce (Scyphozoa), kor\u00e1lnatce(Anthozoa)-zde pat\u0159\u00ed sasanky a v\u011btevn\u00edci, a polypovce (Hydrozoa).<\/p>\n \u017dahav\u00e9\u00a0 bu\u0148ky ( knidoblasty) jsou na povrchu polyp\u016f \u010di na vl\u00e1knech ( medusy,sasanky), ne na t\u011ble a zvonu.<\/p>\n \u017dahav\u00e9 kor\u00e1ly Millepora<\/em> \u2013 ohniv\u00fd kor\u00e1l pozn\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161inou podle b\u00edl\u00fdch kone\u010dk\u016f. P\u0159isedl\u00e9 sasanky vykazuj\u00ed velkou barevnou variabilitu (slangov\u011b \u201ekv\u011bty mo\u0159\u00ed\u201c) jako Dorfleina<\/em> a proto je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 je rozli\u0161it. Proto o obou plat\u00ed, \u017ee rad\u011bji nebudeme na nic \u0161ahat. K\u00a0pop\u00e1len\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou dojde necht\u011bn\u00fdm kontaktem.<\/p>\n U medus mus\u00edme pamatovat na to, \u017ee vl\u00e1kna mohou b\u00fdt dlouh\u00e1 i n\u011bkolik metr\u016f.\u010casto jsou pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 a mohou se vyskytovat samostatn\u011b \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad tehdy,kdy je rozsek\u00e1 lodn\u00ed \u0161roub, tak\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 se jim vyhnout.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Toxiny v\u011bt\u0161iny \u017eahavc\u016f jsou l\u00e1tky uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed histamin-podobn\u011b jako u alergick\u00e9 reakce, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsob\u00ed zarudnut\u00ed posti\u017een\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, p\u00e1len\u00ed a bolest.Pozd\u011bji puch\u00fd\u0159e, vz\u00e1cn\u011b celkov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky-teploty, nevolnost, zvracen\u00ed.<\/p>\n B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 druhy med\u016fz jako tal\u00ed\u0159ovky Cyanea capillata<\/em>, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 kop\u0159iva Chrysaora<\/em> quinquecirrha<\/em>, tal\u00ed\u0159ovka sv\u00edtiv\u00e1 Pelagia noctiluca<\/em> atd. nejsou \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9,ale svou p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ve vod\u011b dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u011bkn\u011b zava\u0159it v\u0161em koupaj\u00edc\u00edm,ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm atd.<\/p>\n L\u00e9\u010dba:<\/u>, pokud ulp\u011bly \u010d\u00e1sti vl\u00e1ken-tentakl\u016f na poko\u017ece- nan\u00e9st hol\u00edc\u00ed p\u011bnu a oholit \u010depelkami se zbytky vl\u00e1ken, chlazen\u00ed alkoholov\u00fdm roztokem .<\/p>\n Antihistaminika celkov\u011b (Zyrtec,Claritine,Dithiaden..)a lok\u00e1ln\u011b (Fenistil gel).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z med\u016fz jsou v\u0161ak M\u011bch\u00fd\u0159ovka portugalsk\u00e1 a \u010dty\u0159hranky, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit i \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n M\u011bch\u00fd\u0159ovka Physalia physalis ( Blue bottle, Portuguese Man-of-War)<\/em><\/p>\n Vyskytuje se prakticky ve v\u0161ech oce\u00e1nech, od severn\u00edch mo\u0159\u00ed d\u00edky Golfsk\u00e9mu proudu a\u017e po\u00a0 Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land.<\/p>\n Jedn\u00e1 se o trub\u00fd\u0161e velikosti do 30cm barvy modr\u00e9 ,fialov\u00e9 a\u017e modro r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9,kter\u00fd se vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na hladin\u011b za pomoc\u00ed vzduchov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e\u00a0 a vl\u00e1kna t\u00e1hne za sebou. Vl\u00e1kna d\u00e9lky a\u017e 10m obsahuj\u00ed mnoho set tis\u00edc \u017eahav\u00fdch bun\u011bk nematocyst.<\/p>\n Po po\u017eah\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0rozvoji siln\u00e9 bolesti ,zarudnut\u00ed a otoku ,zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 reakc\u00ed lymfatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. N\u00e1sledn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k\u00a0du\u0161nosti a srde\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1stav\u011b.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u00e9\u010dba: <\/u>Opatrn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed zbytk\u016f tentakl\u016f z\u00a0k\u016f\u017ee .Zde nepou\u017e\u00edvat vinn\u00fd ocet \u2013 umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed prostupnost toxinu do organismu.Opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed mo\u0159skou, ne sladkou vodou a po t\u00e9 aplikace hork\u00e9 vody v\u00edce ne\u017e 45st Celsia<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u010cty\u0159hranka<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n Nen\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b nic tak prudn\u00e9ho, jako tato mal\u00e1 med\u016fza – \u010dty\u0159hranka, kter\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161achuje ze hry pl\u00e1\u017ee severn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Austr\u00e1lie, Severn\u00edho Teritoria a a severn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u017ee Queenslandu. \u010cty\u0159hranka p\u0159it\u00e1hne s\u00a0tepl\u00fdmi proudy odn\u011bkud z\u00a0Timorsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e po\u010d\u00e1tkem l\u00e9ta \u2013 to znamen\u00e1 okolo \u0159\u00edjna a vyskytuje se zde a\u017e do m\u00edstn\u00edho podzimu \u2013 do konce kv\u011btna,kdy miz\u00ed po jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edch pas\u00e1tech.Mimo toto obdob\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e1, ale zcela se ned\u00e1 vylou\u010dit nikdy.Tak\u017ee m\u00edstn\u00ed se mohou v\u00a0tropick\u00e9m letn\u00edm vedru tak akor\u00e1t radovat z\u00a0pohledu na mo\u0159e s\u00a0vychlazen\u00fdm pivem v\u00a0ruce. \u010cty\u0159hranka a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 druhy Carukia barnesi-Irukandji,Chiropsalmus quadraticus, Carybdea alata,rastonii,..se vyskytuj\u00ed v\u00a0Pacifick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu a\u017e po Hawaii,kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed celoro\u010dn\u011b,ale hlavn\u011b cca 10 dn\u00ed po \u00fapl\u0148ku.<\/p>\n D\u0159\u00edve byla tato med\u016fza opravdu velmi siln\u00fdm stra\u0161\u00e1kem. V\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch doch\u00e1zelo velmi \u010dasto k\u00a0nevysv\u011btliteln\u00fdm \u00famrt\u00edm u plavc\u016f. Na t\u011ble ob\u011bti se na\u0161ly pouze stopy jakoby po pop\u00e1len\u00ed \u010di po\u017eah\u00e1n\u00ed a posti\u017een\u00fd b\u011bhem p\u00e1r minut v\u00a0siln\u00fdch bolestech um\u00edr\u00e1.Dnes se situace zase a\u017e tak moc nezm\u011bnila, d\u016fraz je kladen na prevenci- nel\u00e9zt do vody, kde se vyskytuje tato med\u016fza.Frekventovan\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee jsou n\u011bkdy chr\u00e1n\u011bny s\u00edt\u011bmi.Vhodnou ochranou je rovn\u011b\u017e pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fd oblek.<\/p>\n Tato med\u016fza se naz\u00fdv\u00e1<\/p>\n \u010dty\u0159hranka Chironex fleckeri \u00a0( zvan\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u011b Box Jellyfish, Sea Wasp,Marine Stinger)<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n Med\u016fza m\u00e1 tvar krychli\u010dky o velikosti strany cca 5-10cm, zbarven\u00ed je pr\u016fhledn\u00e9, na spodn\u00ed stran\u011b vyb\u00edh\u00e1 20 – 40 \u017eahav\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken \u2013 tentakl\u016f\u00a0 s\u00a0d\u00e9lkou a\u017e 3m. Jej\u00ed tvar umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlost pohybu, ne\u017e u jin\u00fdch med\u016fz \u2013 a\u017e 4 uzly.\u017div\u00ed se mal\u00fdmi rybkami a zooplanktonem. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je v\u00a0m\u011blk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, u \u00fast\u00ed \u0159ek, \u010dasto po de\u0161t\u00edch po zklidn\u011bn\u00ed hladiny. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed je, \u017ee \u017eelvy jsou imunn\u00ed proti jej\u00edmu jedu a norm\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dty\u0159hranky jed\u00ed.<\/p>\n \u017dahav\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna (Tentakly)- ka\u017ed\u00fd a\u017e s\u00a05000 knidoblast\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eahav\u00e9 bu\u0148ky nematocysty\u00a0 ve tvaru mal\u00e9 harpunky,kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed toxin. Doba absorpce toxinu p\u0159es k\u016f\u017ei je velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, p\u00ed\u0161e se o milisekund\u00e1ch. Toxin \u010dty\u0159hranky pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Let\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vka je 50mikrogram\u016f\/kg. Podstatou je velmi siln\u00fd\u00a0 kardiotoxin, nav\u00edc zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed nekr\u00f3zu k\u016f\u017ee.V literatu\u0159e se p\u00ed\u0161e tak\u00e9 o jeho neurotoxick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch. Jeho p\u0159esn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinek je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n Smrt je zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bna kombinac\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1stavy,bezv\u011bdom\u00ed, utonut\u00ed. Je prov\u00e1zena ochromuj\u00edc\u00ed bolest\u00ed pop\u00e1len\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee \u010dervenofialov\u00e9 barvy.<\/p>\n \u00damrt\u00ed je cca do 3minut, v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii je daleko \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u00fatok \u017eraloka, krokod\u00fdla \u010di hada \u2013 statistika hovo\u0159\u00ed o cca 60 ob\u011btech,p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b d\u011btech, od konce 50-t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b se hovo\u0159\u00ed celkem cca o 5500 ob\u011btech po\u017eah\u00e1n\u00ed med\u016fzama.<\/p>\n Nen\u00ed radno se dot\u00fdkat ani med\u016fzy vyvr\u017een\u00e9 na pl\u00e1\u017e. Je\u0161t\u011b po smrti n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee p\u011bkn\u011b zava\u0159it.<\/p>\n Prvn\u00ed pomoc <\/u>\u2013 Vinn\u00fd ocet. Kyselina octov\u00e1 podan\u00e1 co nejd\u0159\u00edve,zabr\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmu pr\u016fniku toxin\u016f z\u00a0nematocyst do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu.Doporu\u010den\u00ed je okam\u017eit\u011b aplikovat vinn\u00fd ocet na posti\u017eenou k\u016f\u017ei a chr\u00e1n\u011bnou rukou se sna\u017eit set\u0159\u00edt z\u00a0povrchu v\u0161e,co se d\u00e1. Pokud to ud\u011bl\u00e1me bez octa, m\u00e1me velkou \u0161anci, \u017ee jen rozprost\u0159eme nematocysty do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed plochy a zp\u016fsob\u00edme dal\u0161\u00ed masivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed intoxikaci. V\u00a0nouzi slan\u00e1 voda, nikdy\u00a0 ne sladk\u00e1 voda \u010di alkohol. Lok\u00e1ln\u011b podat led pro ztlumen\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed bolesti. Klasick\u00e1 proti\u0161okov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a podpora z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n Tak\u017ee Vinn\u00fd ocet ( Vinegar) je doporu\u010dov\u00e1n br\u00e1t s\u00a0sebou jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed na pl\u00e1\u017e.<\/p>\n Antidotum dnes ji\u017e existuje- vytvo\u0159eno v\u011bdci z\u00a0Commonwealth Serum Laboratory v\u00a0Melbourne.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [av_gallery ids=’4664,4665,4666,4667,4668,4669,4670,4672′ style=’thumbnails‘ preview_size=’portfolio‘ crop_big_preview_thumbnail=’avia-gallery-big-crop-thumb‘ thumb_size=’square‘ columns=’4′ imagelink=’lightbox‘ lazyload=’avia_lazyload‘]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" MUDr. David Skoumal \u2013\u00a0 ASTD Training Director P\u0159i na\u0161ich pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdletech,\u00a0 hlavn\u011b do oblasti subtropick\u00fdch a tropick\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed, se n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee poda\u0159it kontakt s\u00a0mo\u0159sk\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010dichem, kter\u00fd pro n\u00e1s nemus\u00ed skon\u010dit p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt a jak se ukazuje, tak ani nen\u00ed dostupn\u00e1 a \u010dasto jsme odk\u00e1z\u00e1ni jen sami na sebe a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4662,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prakticke"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4661"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4661\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}