{"id":4395,"date":"2016-02-02T07:12:11","date_gmt":"2016-02-02T06:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/?p=4395"},"modified":"2016-02-02T07:12:11","modified_gmt":"2016-02-02T06:12:11","slug":"chaudanne-spring-svycarsko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/chaudanne-spring-svycarsko\/","title":{"rendered":"Chaudanne Spring \u2013 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

MUDr. David Skoumal \u2013\u00a0 ASTD Training Director<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Po stop\u00e1ch objev\u016f evropsk\u00fdch zatopen\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsko\u00a0 –\u00a0 Chaudanne Spring<\/strong><\/p>\n

Historie jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed se p\u00ed\u0161e zhruba od po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed. V prvopo\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch speleologick\u00fdch objev\u016f zastavuje objevitele voda a ne v\u017edy se da\u0159\u00ed postoupit vp\u0159ed odvodn\u011bn\u00edm chodby jeskyn\u011b \u010di proplav\u00e1n\u00edm kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho zatopen\u00e9ho \u00faseku na n\u00e1dech.
\nZa\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se zkou\u0161et pou\u017eit\u00ed klasick\u00fdch skafandr\u016f s pr\u016fplachov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem a la Siebe Gorman.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

Tyto skafandry jsou v\u0161ak velmi neohraban\u00e9, zorn\u00e9 pole pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de je velmi mal\u00e9, spojen\u00ed s n\u00e1vod\u010d\u00edm pomoc\u00ed tuh\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvodn\u00ed vzduchov\u00e9 hadice \u2013 toto v\u0161e nedovol\u00ed pr\u016fniky na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti. V Moravsk\u00e9m krasu se prov\u00e1d\u00ed systematick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum pod veden\u00edm profesora Absolona,tak\u017ee se m\u016f\u017eeme pr\u00e1vem pova\u017eovat za zemi, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed p\u0159i vzniku v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu v objevov\u00e1n\u00ed zatopen\u00fdch jeskyn\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b doba zdaleka neuzr\u00e1la a dal\u0161\u00ed sestupy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v souvislosti s pou\u017eit\u00edm autonomn\u00edho d\u00fdchac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje koncepce Gagnan + Cousteau\u00a0 pr\u00e1v\u011b skupinou J.Y.Cousteaua. V roce 1946 sestoupil J.Y.Cousteau do pramene Fontaine de Vaucluse a dos\u00e1hli spolu s Fredericem Dumasem hloubky 46m, tento sestup se jim m\u00e1lem stal osudn\u00fdm d\u00edky intoxikaci oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm.Cousteauova skupina polo\u017eila z\u00e1klad speleopot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed ve Francii, pokra\u010dovala v pr\u016fzkumech mnoha lokalit \u2013 uvedl bych okrajov\u011b Fontaine de Estramar , Fontaine\u00a0 des Chartreux, les Vitarelles a Fontaine de St.George. Opravdu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 sestupy v jeskyn\u00edch se realizovaly od 60.-70.let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jeskynn\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di ur\u010duj\u00ed trend v\u00fdvoje pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, nebo\u0165 tehdej\u0161\u00ed hranice posunuj\u00ed ve v\u0161ech sm\u011brech \u2013 co se t\u00fd\u010de d\u00e9lky pr\u016fnik\u016f pod vodou, d\u00e9lky pobytu pod vodou, maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch hloubek a k tomu v\u0161emu za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat jin\u00e9 d\u00fdchac\u00ed sm\u011bsi ne\u017e vzduch. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed se ze znalost\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edch firem, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se satura\u010dn\u00edm pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm, z prac\u00ed experiment\u00e1tor\u016f v oblasti pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed se sm\u011bsemi jako byl nap\u0159.Hannes Keller a za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvat i zde Heliox,Trimix,Nitrox, Triox,\u010dist\u00fd kysl\u00edk \u2026 Konfigurace v\u00fdstroje se postupn\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v oblasti velkoobjemov\u00fdch souprav lahv\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9ho okruhu a posl\u00e9ze rovn\u011b\u017e i v oblasti konstrukc\u00ed rebreather\u016f polo a zcela uzav\u0159en\u00fdch \u2013 SCR a CCR.<\/p>\n

Jeskynn\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di pou\u017e\u00edvali v\u0161e,co bylo dostupn\u00e9 a teoretick\u00e1 know how se vyv\u00edjela zcela specificky.Pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v zatopen\u00fdch jeskyn\u00edch bylo zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 od komer\u010dn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, tak\u017ee technika i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ponor\u016f vych\u00e1zely ze zcela jin\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.\u00a0 V 70.l\u00e9tech v Evrop\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rozvoji jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 zejm\u00e9na ve Francii, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku ,Anglii a N\u011bmecku\u2026.<\/p>\n

Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku pat\u0159\u00ed k nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm lokalit\u00e1m Chaudanne Spring.
\nTato lokalita se nach\u00e1z\u00ed kousek od m\u011bste\u010dka Rossiniere v \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160v\u00fdcarska zvan\u00e9 Vaud. Ve svahu pod malou restaurac\u00ed vyv\u011br\u00e1\u00a0 jeskynn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v jez\u00edrku o velikosti 2x2m. Celkem nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 lokalita za\u010dala poutat pozornost v polovin\u011b 60.let. Prvn\u00ed sestup provedli v roce 1964 \u010dlenov\u00e9 skupiny CSSL ( Centre de Sports Sous-marins de Lausanne) a to jmenovit\u011b Claude Schmidt,Andre Piguet a Dominique d\u00b4Arman. Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm se navzdory mal\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti a komplikovan\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout vzd\u00e1lenosti 220m. Nikdo v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u016fbec netu\u0161il, do jak vyj\u00edme\u010dn\u00e9 lokality pronik\u00e1.
\nPostupn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v jin\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch. Prim za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 m\u00edt ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, ale i v Evrop\u011b skupina\u00a0 GLPS ( Groupe Lemanique de Plong\u00e9e Souterraine) zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 1969 Cyrillem Brandtem a Pierre Martinem, jej\u00edmi \u010dleny byli mimo jin\u00fdch J.J.Bolanz a Olivier Isler.Tato skupina m\u011bla spoustu prvopr\u016fnik\u016f ve francouzsk\u00e9 Ju\u0159e a takt\u00e9\u017e v nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 oblasti Dordogne \u2013 Lot.<\/p>\n

Podm\u00ednky v Chaudanne Spring nejsou oproti jin\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm oblastem v\u016fbec r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 \u2013 vysok\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka(880m.n m.) a n\u00edzk\u00e1 teplota vody celoro\u010dn\u011b (6st C), \u010dasto siln\u00fd proud(4m3\/s), \u010dast\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed i horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed, n\u00e1hl\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty viditelnosti d\u00edky kalitelnosti\u2026 Jednou z pozitiv t\u00e9to jeskyn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zvon ve 12m,napln\u011bn\u00fd vzduchem, kde lze d\u011blat dekompresi stejn\u011b pohodln\u011b jako v um\u011bl\u00e9m zvonu-habitatu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj v pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak jde rychle kup\u0159edu ve v\u0161ech sm\u011brech. Od roku 1975 se objevuj\u00ed such\u00e9 obleky s konstantn\u00edm objemem a velkoobjemov\u00e9 l\u00e1hve okolo 20lt.Od roku 1980 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed \u0161v\u00fdca\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvat podvodn\u00ed sk\u016ftry \u2013 hlavn\u011b Aquazeppy mnichovsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce Josefa Ruprechta a od roku 1982\u00a0 \u010dlenov\u00e9 GLPS se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011bt s jin\u00fdmi d\u00fdchac\u00edmi sm\u011bsemi, ne\u017e je vzduch. Toto v\u0161e vede k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu posunu kup\u0159edu.V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let 1984-88 se dos\u00e1hlo v lokalit\u011b Chaudanne Spring nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. Olivier Isler a Cyrille Brandt st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b posunuj\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00e9 limity d\u00e9lky pr\u016fniku a hloubky. Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v\u00fdstroj pro penetraci je p\u0159\u00edstroj 4x20lt na z\u00e1dech , vp\u0159edu na prsou nesen\u00e9 mal\u00e9 dekompresn\u00ed l\u00e1hve.<\/p>\n

Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu soudob\u00e1 konfigurace v\u00fdstroje nevzbuzuje \u00fasm\u011bv, ale obdiv.Ponory byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny se such\u00fdmi neopr\u00e9nov\u00fdmi obleky. Kontrola vztlaku byla prov\u00e1d\u011bna pouze such\u00fdm oblekem , a to neopr\u00e9nov\u00fdm, kter\u00fd m\u011bn\u00ed s hloubkou tlou\u0161\u0165ku materi\u00e1lu a tedy vztlak. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed BCD typu k\u0159\u00eddlo se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nepou\u017e\u00edvalo.Tak\u017ee pohybovat se s takovouto konfigurac\u00ed nebylo nic jednoduch\u00e9ho,nav\u00edc zm\u011bna hmotnosti d\u00edky \u00fabytku plyn\u016f byla zna\u010dn\u00e1
\nCyrille Brandt dos\u00e1hl v 13.3 1988 pr\u016fniku do vzd\u00e1lenosti 660m a hloubky 143m. Cel\u00fd sestup trval okolo 8 hodin, ve vod\u011b tepl\u00e9 6st Celsia bez vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed such\u00e9ho obleku. I z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu se jedn\u00e1 o naprosto vyj\u00edme\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdm je nutno smeknout.<\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdca\u0159i maj\u00ed v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jako jedni z m\u00e1la ji\u017e vy\u0159e\u0161en probl\u00e9m such\u00fdch rukavic \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kruhy, p\u0159es kter\u00e9 navl\u00e9kaj\u00ed gumov\u00e9 rukavice a syst\u00e9m zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159evle\u010dnou gumou. Obdobn\u00fd syst\u00e9m posl\u00e9ze za\u010dala vyr\u00e1b\u011bt firma Viking, pou\u017e\u00edvali jsme jej v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 90.let a prvn\u00ed kruhy jsme vyr\u00e1b\u011bli z u\u0159ezan\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch trycht\u00fd\u0159\u016f, vlo\u017een\u00fdch do p\u0159ehrnut\u00e9 neopr\u00e9nov\u00e9 man\u017eety.Syst\u00e9m funguje, jen pot\u0159ebujete dopomoc druhou osobou p\u0159i p\u0159eta\u017een\u00ed druh\u00e9 rukavice a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed gumkama. V\u00fdvoj v\u0161ak brzy p\u0159inesl t\u011bsn\u00edc\u00ed rukavicov\u00e9 kruhy, kter\u00e9 si pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d zacvakne a zajist\u00ed s\u00e1m \u2013 nap\u0159. Check up syst\u00e9m \u010di kruhy KUBI.<\/p>\n

Cyrille Brandt dosahuje rovn\u011b\u017e v roce 1989 hloubky 137m ve vyv\u011bra\u010dce Fontaine des Chartreaux po pr\u016fniku cca 200m v hloubce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100m a celkov\u00e9m pr\u016fniku do vzd\u00e1lenosti 315m.
\nZ m\u00e9ho pohledu se jedn\u00e1 bezesporu o jednu z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postav evropsk\u00e9ho jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s excelentn\u00ed spot\u0159ebou d\u00fdchac\u00edch plyn\u016f, ve\u0161ker\u00e9 sestupy prov\u00e1d\u011bl s pou\u017eit\u00edm otev\u0159en\u00e9ho okruhu.Svou dobu p\u0159edb\u011bhl nejm\u00e9n\u011b o 10let , a\u017e o 10 let pozd\u011bji byl posunut limit pr\u016fniku v jeskyni Chartreaux a v jeskyni Chaudanne Spring je\u0161t\u011b mnohem pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Na dal\u0161\u00ed posun se muselo \u010dekat dal\u0161\u00edch 20let.V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je v pr\u016fzkumu Chaudanne nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupina GEC
\n(Groupe d \u00b4Exploration\u00a0 de la Chaudanne), jej\u00edm\u017e konzultantem je Cyrille Brandt.Nav\u00e1zala na jeho v\u00fdsledky ,pr\u016fzkum pokra\u010doval a nakonec Michael Walz s pou\u017eit\u00edm polouzav\u0159en\u00e9ho pasivn\u00edho rebreatheru EDO 04 doc\u00edlil 19.2.2006 hloubky 160m po 60minutov\u00e9m pr\u016fniku .
\nPou\u017eit\u00e9 plyny: 2 x 20lt\u00a0 Tx 12\/70 jako bottom gas(plyn pro dno), travel gas \u2013 transportn\u00ed plyn Tx20\/55 a deco gas \u2013dekompresn\u00ed plyn Tx 20\/55, Triox 40\/30, EAN 50 a \u010dist\u00fd kysl\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00e1 doba ponoru byla 510min.
\nNyn\u00ed je zn\u00e1ma celkov\u00e1 hloubka 175m, co\u017e tuto jeskyni stav\u00ed na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch zatopen\u00fdch jeskyn\u00ed,co se t\u00fd\u010de hloubky. S celkovou d\u00e9lkou 690m je ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku tato jeskyn\u011b na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b po Rinquelle Resurgence.<\/p>\n

Lokalita Chaudanne Spring p\u0159isp\u011bla v\u00fdraznou m\u011brou\u00a0 k v\u00fdvoji evropsk\u00e9ho jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a jej\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed odhalovali jedni z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f, jak\u00fdmi jsou Olivier Isler a Cyrille Brandt.
\nI ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je tato jeskyn\u011b sv\u00fdm profilem a charakterem st\u00e1le vyj\u00edme\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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MUDr. David Skoumal \u2013\u00a0 ASTD Training Director   Po stop\u00e1ch objev\u016f evropsk\u00fdch zatopen\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u0160v\u00fdcarsko\u00a0 –\u00a0 Chaudanne Spring Historie jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed se p\u00ed\u0161e zhruba od po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed. V prvopo\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch speleologick\u00fdch objev\u016f zastavuje objevitele voda a ne v\u017edy se da\u0159\u00ed postoupit vp\u0159ed odvodn\u011bn\u00edm chodby jeskyn\u011b \u010di proplav\u00e1n\u00edm kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho zatopen\u00e9ho \u00faseku na n\u00e1dech. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se zkou\u0161et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jeskyne"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}