{"id":4438,"date":"2015-01-11T11:33:02","date_gmt":"2015-01-11T10:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/?p=4438"},"modified":"2015-01-11T11:33:02","modified_gmt":"2015-01-11T10:33:02","slug":"lot-emergence-du-ressel-francie2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/lot-emergence-du-ressel-francie2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lot Emergence du Ressel – Francie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

MUDr. David Skoumal \u2013\u00a0 ASTD Training Director<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Po stop\u00e1ch objev\u016f evropsk\u00fdch zatopen\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Lot Emergence du Ressel<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pro mnoho z na\u0161ich jeskynn\u00edch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f je jeskyn\u011b Ressel naprosto srde\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Z mnoha \u00fast jsem sly\u0161el, \u017ee je nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech francouzsk\u00fdch zatopen\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. D\u00edky rozs\u00e1hlosti tohoto syst\u00e9mu se i zde psala historie evropsk\u00e9ho jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Jeskynn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti Lot,pojmenovan\u00e9 podle \u0159eky Lot a pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed spolu s\u00a0Dordogne mezi dv\u011b nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed je to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o zatopen\u00fd jeskynn\u00ed syst\u00e9m vyv\u011braj\u00edc\u00ed do \u0159eky C\u00e9l\u00e9. Mnoho z\u00a0pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f,kte\u0159\u00ed jsou zde poprv\u00e9 ,se pt\u00e1, jak byl v\u016fbec objeven. \u0158eka C\u00e9l\u00e9 nen\u00ed rozhodn\u011b srovnateln\u00e1 viditelnost\u00ed s\u00a0podm\u00ednkami na Florid\u011b, kdy k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u011b \u010dist\u00e1 voda v\u00a0\u0159ek\u00e1ch Santa F\u00e9 a Suwan\u00e9\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pozorovat vstupy do podzemn\u00edho aquiferu z\u00a0hladiny.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0pera abb\u00e9ho Paramelle z\u00a0roku 1856. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se teorie, \u017ee si n\u011bkdo z\u00a0venkovan\u016f musel v\u0161imnout \u010de\u0159en\u00ed vody v\u00a0\u0159ece p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdv\u011bru vody z\u00a0jeskyn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pro v\u0161echny z\u00a0n\u00e1s, kte\u0159\u00ed se pono\u0159ili poprv\u00e9 do Resselu je nezapomenuteln\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem to, kdy\u017e propadnete vrstvou \u0161pinav\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed vody a najednou se pohybujete v\u00a0k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u011b \u010dist\u00e9 vod\u011b z\u00a0v\u00fdv\u011bru a vid\u00edte p\u0159ed a pod sebou n\u00e1dhern\u00fd vstup do jeskynn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Jak v\u00edme, tak rozvoj jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku se datuje a\u017e po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, v\u00a0na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b\u00a0 je to rok 1968,kdy \u00a0pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di ze skupiny Groupe Sp\u00e9l\u00e9o Auvergnat\u00a0 a to konkr\u00e9tn\u011b Pierre-Jean Debras a Claude Martin dos\u00e1hli vzd\u00e1lenosti 150 m. V 70.l\u00e9tech pokra\u010duje postupn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum, v\u00a0roce 1977 Jean Louis Fantoli a Claude Touloumdjian dosahuj\u00ed dna vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed pukliny v\u00a0hloubce -45m a vzd\u00e1lenosti 400m od vstupu.<\/p>\n

Na n\u011b navazuje velmi aktivn\u00ed skupina GLPS (Groupe l\u00e9manique de plong\u00e9e souterraine) a jmenovit\u011b \u00a0Olivier Isler a Claude Magnin posunuj\u00ed pr\u016fnik do vzd\u00e1lenosti 710 m a hloubky\u00a0-50 m., v\u00a0roce 1980 p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed prvn\u00edch 1000m a kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0hloubce -56m.<\/p>\n

Jsme v\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch sm\u011bsov\u00e9ho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, pojem technick\u00e9ho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed teprve vznikne a jak u\u017e bylo d\u0159\u00edve opakovan\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b jeskynn\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 know how ve zcela specifick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch k\u00a0tomu, aby posunuli pozn\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

Rapidn\u011b nar\u016fst\u00e1 po\u010det velkoobjemov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed,kter\u00e9 pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d s\u00a0sebou t\u00e1hne \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad 4x20lt na z\u00e1dech.Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed se konstruovat vlastn\u00ed koncepce polouzav\u0159en\u00fdch a uzav\u0159en\u00fdch rebreather\u016f, k\u00a0pohybu se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat na svou dobu velmi vysp\u011bl\u00e9 DPV sk\u016ftry \u2013 hlavn\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Aquazeppy a americk\u00e9 Farallony. Na evropsk\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed Jochen Hasenmayer<\/strong> a dne 26.4.1981 dosahuje vzd\u00e1lenosti 1755m od vstupu (toto m\u00edsto p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed studnu bylo nazv\u00e1no Puits 8 Hasenmayer) s p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00edm max.hloubky 81m ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 1540m. Jochen Hasenmayer kon\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj pr\u016fnik na svahu v\u00a0hloubce 20m a chodba pokra\u010duje d\u00e1le nahoru. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu st\u00e1le mimo obzor v\u011bt\u0161iny pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f. Jeho \u010das na dn\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hloubce okolo 60m byl p\u0159es 3,5 hodiny ,co\u017e bylo zcela mimo ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00ed doby. Krom\u011b vlastn\u00ed technick\u00e9 tvo\u0159ivosti (Hasenmayer pou\u017e\u00edval polouzav\u0159en\u00fd zdvojen\u00fd a na svou dobu velmi vysp\u011bl\u00fd rebreather STR80 \u2013 Speleo Twin Rebreather) m\u011bl excelentn\u011b zvl\u00e1dnuty i dekompresn\u00ed procedury. Celkov\u00e1 doba sestupu v\u010detn\u011b dekomprese byla 10h 15min.<\/p>\n

Na konci prvn\u00edho sif\u00f3nu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0v\u011btven\u00ed chodeb. Prav\u00e1 chodba pokra\u010duje a\u017e k\u00a0jez\u00edrku. Na tento objev se \u010dekalo dal\u0161\u00edch 9 let.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 1990 je Olivier Isler<\/strong> prvn\u00edm pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ekon\u00e1 tento prvn\u00ed sifon a dne 12.8.1990 se vyno\u0159uje po 1850m v\u00a0jez\u00edrku, nazvan\u00e9m po n\u011bm Lac Isler.<\/p>\n

Lev\u00e1 chodba kon\u010d\u00ed zavalen\u00fdmi bloky. A\u017e mnohem pozd\u011bji v roce 1998 se na\u0161la mal\u00e1 studna sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0hladin\u011b \u2013 Lac de Blocs (1860m) a dal\u0161\u00ed odbo\u010dka k\u00a0Lac \u201eT\u201c. (1870m ). Za tyto objevy vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme Ricku Stantonovi a Jasonu Mallinsonovi.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 90. let prov\u00e1d\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 skupiny H\u00f4hlenforschungsgruppe Kirchheim(HFGK) a H\u00f4hlen-Interessengemeinschaft Ostalb(INGO) detailn\u00ed mapov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0prvn\u00edch 500metrech jeskynn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu,posl\u00e9ze pokra\u010duj\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prvn\u00edho sifonu.<\/p>\n

Ressel je monument\u00e1ln\u00ed chodba z\u00a0velmi sv\u011btl\u00e9ho v\u00e1pence, v\u00a0\u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti se na jej\u00edm dn\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 skaln\u00ed bloky. Mezi 200 a 350metrem se chodba d\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b \u2013 hlavn\u00ed koridor a horn\u00ed galerii.Po 350 m se op\u011bt jedna hlavn\u00ed chodba st\u00e1\u010d\u00ed doprava a pokra\u010duje dv\u011bmi vertik\u00e1lami a\u017e do hloubky 45m. Zde chodba pozvoln\u011b kles\u00e1, mezi 800 a\u017e 1200m se d\u011bl\u00ed na hlubokou (Galerie profonde s\u00a0hloubkou 60-70m) a m\u011bl\u010d\u00ed (Galerie superieure s\u00a0hloubkou 50-60m) a pak pokra\u010duje a\u017e do hloubky 83m. Zde ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 1540m od vchodu se chodba pak prudce zved\u00e1 nahoru a od 60mhloubky pak pozvolna a\u017e k hladin\u011b. Charakter chodby se n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t m\u011bn\u00ed, tak\u017ee rozhodn\u011b nem\u016f\u017eeme hovo\u0159it o n\u011bjak\u00e9 f\u00e1dnosti.<\/p>\n

Jeskyn\u011b nem\u00e1 sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed krasovou v\u00fdzdobu typu kr\u00e1pn\u00edk\u016f jako zn\u00e1me z\u00a0Mexika \u010di Kuby, na st\u011bn\u00e1ch jsou pouze proudov\u00e9 fazety, nicm\u00e9n\u011b to estetickou hodnotu ponoru v\u016fbec nesni\u017euje.<\/p>\n

Ressel se st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0Evrop\u011b velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed nejen mezi francouzy a \u0161v\u00fdcary. Angli\u010dan\u00e9 a n\u011bmci se tak\u00e9 nenechali zahanbit. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd speleopot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d Martyn Farr rovn\u011b\u017e prov\u00e1d\u011bl pr\u016fzkum francouzsk\u00fdch jeskyn\u00ed, a na n\u011bj nav\u00e1zali Rick Stanton a Jason Mallinson<\/strong> ze skupiny Cave Diving Group spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Reinhardem Buchalym<\/strong> z\u00a0EKPP, a\u00a0 v\u00a0roce 1999 po bivaku za 2.sifonem dos\u00e1hli v 5.sifonu vzd\u00e1lenosti 570m. P\u0159i n\u00e1vratu objev\u00ed spojku do prvn\u00edho sifonu, tak\u017ee odpadne v\u017edy problematick\u00fd transport suchou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u2013 sumpem.Dal\u0161\u00ed anglick\u00e9 expedice v\u00a0roce 2002 protahuj\u00ed cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m o 770m na celkov\u00fdch 4700m. Dal\u0161\u00ed explorace se ji\u017e jev\u00ed problematick\u00fdmi, n\u011bmci v\u00a0roce 2005 na konci 5.sifonu nach\u00e1zej\u00ed su\u0165ov\u00fd z\u00e1val.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed sifon \/ d\u00e9lka 1870m, max.hloubka 88m \/ 120m sump mezi 1.a 2.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd \/ d\u00e9lka 400m, max hloubka 7m \/ 70m sump mezi 2. a 3.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed \/ d\u00e9lka 15m, max.hloubka 7m \/ 350m sump mezi 3.a 4.<\/p>\n

\u010ctvrt\u00fd \/ d\u00e9lka 290m \/ 245m sump mezi 4.a 5.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1t\u00fd \/ d\u00e9lka 1340m, max.hloubka 25m<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0na\u0161ich pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f m\u016f\u017eu vyjmenovat pouze t\u011bch p\u00e1r, kte\u0159\u00ed se dostali na konec prvn\u00edho sif\u00f3nu \u2013 Pavel \u0158\u00edha (sk\u016ftry Aquazepp, rebreather SCR RB 80) – s\u00f3loponory, d\u00e1le dvojice Jirka Hur\u00e1b a Tonda Pt\u00e1\u010dek (sk\u016ftry Silent, Gavin a B\u00edba Trautenberk, multi stage otev\u0159en\u00e9ho okruhu) Ponor je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 o dva ponory, tak\u017ee tomuto se mus\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby a dekompresn\u00ed strategie. Proto s\u00f3loponory Pavla a ponory dvojice Jirka + Tonda zcela jist\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed ke \u0161pi\u010dce historie \u010desk\u00e9ho jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9to jeskyni se vytv\u00e1\u0159ela historie sk\u016ftrov\u00e9ho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0Doux de Coly, v Cocklebiddy, v Blautopfu, Wakulle aj.<\/p>\n

Ressel pat\u0159\u00ed mezi kultovn\u00ed lokality jeskynn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a ponor v\u00a0jeho \u010dist\u00e9 vod\u011b v\u017edy pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hezk\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

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MUDr. David Skoumal \u2013\u00a0 ASTD Training Director   Po stop\u00e1ch objev\u016f evropsk\u00fdch zatopen\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f Lot Emergence du Ressel Pro mnoho z na\u0161ich jeskynn\u00edch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f je jeskyn\u011b Ressel naprosto srde\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Z mnoha \u00fast jsem sly\u0161el, \u017ee je nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech francouzsk\u00fdch zatopen\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. D\u00edky rozs\u00e1hlosti tohoto syst\u00e9mu se i zde psala historie evropsk\u00e9ho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4361,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jeskyne"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astd.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}